Monday, August 24, 2020

The eNotes Blog The Enchantress ofNumbers

The Enchantress ofNumbers The inquisitive story of the universes first software engineer. Today I stray a little from the normal artistic and instructive news refreshes, subsequent to running over a gesture to an extraordinary lady I couldnt spend the day without honoring, for her job in science, yet additionally for her job as a lady in arithmetic, a long ways relatively revolutionary. I trust that her story moves ladies in technical disciplines, or to be sure any individual who continues on to think past the abilities of present day innovation. Unfortunately Im as a rule old-fashioned on Googles aesthetic and idiosyncratic portrayals of extraordinary days through their landing page. Be that as it may, today, gmail coincidentally crashed, sending me to the Google landing page where I saw the beneath picture: I was interested. Who was this lady in nineteenth century attire, jotting numerical capacities with plume and ink? Thus, by method of innovative mistake, I learned of Ada Lovelace, the universes first software engineer. Ada Lovelace was conceived on December tenth, 1815, to the artist Lord Byron and his significant other Anna Isabella Byron. She had a hopeless adolescence, considered a failure from birth for not having been brought into the world a kid. Ada was surrendered by her dad before she was a month old andâ resultantlyâ never knew him, as he kicked the bucket abroad when she was eight. In the interim her mom decided to keep little association with her, potentially on the grounds that youthful Ada helped her to remember her shrewd spouse, with whom the Baroness had a caustic separation. So Ada was raised by old family members and consigned to an existence of dubious perception by means of her moms companions, named the Furies. Luckily for us, however, she was likewise dependent upon an existence of educationintended to crush any deviation she may have acquired from her fatherand took a distinct fascination for arithmetic since early on. Around the age of seventeen, Adas unique capacities turned out to be obvious to her guides, all popular in arithmetic in their own right. The prominent mathematician Augustus de Morgan even revealed of Ada to her mom that she appeared to be bound to turn into, a unique numerical specialist, maybe of top notch distinction. In the mean time another of Adas teachers and companions, Mary Somerville, acquainted her with Charles Babbage, future designer of the universes first PC. Ada was not yet eighteen at that point. Babbage and Ada subsequently started a kinship that created their scholarly joint effort on the formers Analytical Engine. In 1843, Ada deciphered Italian mathematician Luigi Meanabreas clarification of the machine, total with her own arrangement of notes and ends (which were in reality longer than Menabreas). In her delineation of the Analytical Engine, Ada envisioned its potential as being more prominent than straightforward calculating, something not even Babbage enjoyed. She composed: [The Analytical Engine] may follow up on different things other than number, were objects discovered whose common basic relations could be communicated by those of the theoretical study of activities, and which ought to be additionally helpless of adjustments to the activity of the working documentation and system of the motor Assuming, for example, that the basic relations of contributed sounds the study of agreement and of melodic sythesis were defenseless of such articulation and adjustments, the motor may make intricate and logical bits of music of any level of multifaceted nature or degree. Alongside these ground breaking notes, Ada composed a calculation of Bernoulli numbers for the Analytical Engine (beneath). It is this piece of her proposition, Note G, that is generally viewed as the universes first PC program, making Ada correspondingly its first developer. Picture through Wikimedia Commons So there you have it: the universes first geek was a respectable woman, The Right Honorable Countess of Lovelace. That implies that on this day, as you peruse the Internet looking for Google verse, GIFs, or the Ikea Monkey, you have Miss Ada Lovelace to thank for her place in envisioning the capacity of PCs to completely change ourselves in the bunch of ways they have today. Ada was such an intriguing lady, there is just such an extensive amount her life I could remember for this post. I energetically suggest her Wikipedia section as an outline of her stunning accomplishments and to some degree outrageous individual issues. In her negligible thirty-six years, Ada gave us a lot to acknowledge and remains as a prime case of the job ladies have played in science and innovation, however they are frequently disregarded. She genuinely satisfied Charles Babbages moniker for her, The Enchantress of Numbers: Disregard this world and every one of its difficulties and if potential its incalculable Charlatansâ †everything in short yet the Enchantress of Numbers. Related: Instructors, train your understudies on the historical backdrop of The Enchantress of Numbers with report on Ada Lovelace, discovered here. It accompanies an action to assist understudies with composing their own one of a kind projects and is suggested for Grades 4-8.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Philips Maps Out a New Direction Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philips Maps Out a New Direction - Case Study Example By chopping down to only 3 significant divisions, the organization's center is probably going to hone. Utilizing different specialty units to deliver a wide scope of items would in all probability aftereffect of wastage of assets, cost wasteful aspects, and absence of a brought together course for the organization overall. (A&AS, 2002) Cutting down to only 3 units in this way, in addition to other things, means to decrease working expenses. Divisions which need comparable crude materials, labor and skill are converged into one unit with the goal that assets can be used all the more effectively. (A&AS, 2002) This kind of redesign would likewise build brand mindfulness and acknowledgment, as the items would be better situated in the psyches of the buyers. Delivering a wide scope of items under one brand name as a rule makes disarray for the shoppers regarding what precisely to recognize the brand with. By stripping low-edge items, and centering a smaller and better characterize d item blend, this disarray would be limited. (A&AS, 2002) The kind of rebuilding which involves stripping items and chopping down number of work units for the most part brings about laying-off representatives. This could bring about joblessness, also lower professional stability for existing workers. As is referenced for the situation, Philips faces issues with regards to mark acknowledgment, as Philips items are promoted in North America under an assortment of names. Likewise, Philips LCD TV innovation as of now has the No.2 spot in China, be that as it may, this achievement could be brief if China siphons.

Saturday, July 18, 2020

Semantic and Episodic Memory, Real or Fake Amnesia in the Films Eterna Essay

Semantic and Episodic Memory, Real or Fake Amnesia in the Films Eterna Essay Semantic and Episodic Memory, Real or Fake Amnesia in the Films Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, 50 First Dates, Garden of Lies, Bourne Identity â€" Essay Example > The paper “ Semantic and Episodic Memory, Real or Fake Amnesia in the Films Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, 50 First Dates, Garden of Lies, Bourne Identity”   is an excellent example of an essay on psychology. Often people confuse Amnesia with multiple personality disorder, however, this is not the case. When in 1992 Conference on Abuse and Multiple Personality Disorder conducted, it was considered that sexual programs emphasize more upon psychic killers than on oral sex. Lest they forget which victims have been robotized how, the cultists carry laptop computers with records of all past programming involving the CIA, the Mafia, Hollywood, big business, and government leaders in this respect, together with many ordinary citizens whose job was to cover up evidence of cult tortures. However, the importance of Amnesia was later identified in some of the movies which appeared to be blockbusters, like Bourne Identity, 50 first dates, etc. Amnesic conditions highlighted in films often bear little or no resemblance at all to reality. Since movies represent the reflection of general public perceptions and views, doctors should be aware of all possible myths about amnesia and should act and suggest accordingly. This could be invaluable when informing patients and their relatives of a diagnosis of an amnesic condition and its likely prognosis. (BMJ) Hollywood’ s recent movie discoveries, The Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) and 50 First Dates (2004), head up a long tradition of movies training amnesic characters. No fewer than 10 silent movies were able to do so before 1926. In this context, Garden of Lies (1915), proved to be the turnover point in Hollywood highlighting the scenario when a doctor hires a new husband for an amnesic bride in an attempt to jog her memory. This movie appeared as a trendsetter for the rest of the films to come and was later followed by other amnesic conditions in films (BMJ). Bourne Identity proved to be the best example of Memory disorder in the twenty-first century is not restricted to conscious recollection, but can apply to any experience that changes subsequent behavior. While focusing on Bourne Identity, we can see that Jason Bourne was affected by sensory memory disorder as well as working memory, which can be judged by analyzing his activities. Sensory Memory depends primarily on temporary ongoing activities in the brain, whereas long-term memory depends on structural changes. Memory can be measured in different ways. From least to most sensitive, these are a recall, recognition, savings, and priming. The successive phases in remembering are encoding, storage and retrieval. Real or Fake AmnesiaPsychologists have found a way out to determine through tests if the person is suffering through real amnesia problems or is just pretending to be among one of the patients. The psychological tests consist of a series of words that the person has to rememb er and recall. In case he is unable to do so, he is considered as a patient of real amnesia. This is how it works actually: Suppose a person is given a list of 20 words to remember and then asked to recall them. He might be given 10 such lists, one at a time, and asked to recall each list before the next one is presented. Suppose he then plots the number of times he is able to recall the first word in the list, the number of times he is able to recall the second word, and so on, right down to the twentieth word. This plot is known as the serial position curve possessing two characteristics. One is a primary effect, which is that words at the beginning of the list are recalled much better than those nearer the middle. The other is a recency effect, which is that words at the end of the list are also recalled better than those nearer the middle.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Literary Techniques Used in Edgar Allen Poes Work

Literary Techniques Used in Edgar Allen Poes Work 1. At the end of the first paragraph Poe uses foreshadowing when he writes â€Å"And the whole seizure, progress and termination of the disease, were the incidents of half an hour† (1). I see this as foreshadowing the event that ends the party and the lives of all those present. The entire thousand assembled die when the Red Death came. T he â€Å"last chime had utterly sunk† (3) also foreshadows the end where each individual â€Å"died in the despairing posture of his fall† (4). Combining both these instances together shows that the whole situation or incident, from the â€Å"presence of a masked figure† (3) to â€Å"one by one dropped† (4), ended before the clock chimed the next passing hour. The â€Å"seventh apartment† (1) also foreshadow the presence of the Red Death. The entire apartment was â€Å"shrouded in black velvet tapestries† and the window â€Å"panes hereShow MoreRelatedEdgar All Poes Style901 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe’s style in The Black Cat and Tell-Tale Heart In many of Edgar Allen Poe’s short stories, a reader can encounter with many similarities of style and technique. In this paper, I am going to state the similarities of The Black Cat and Tell-Tale Heart to understand Poe style in short stories. To start with, in both of the stories, the setting is jail because the main characters of two stories are criminals. Such an entrance to the stories enables the reader’s attention to be moreRead MoreEssay about Literary Devices Used in the Raven by Edgar Allen Poe959 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the Raven by Edgar Allen Poe The nineteenth century poet Edgar Allen Poe makes use of several literary devices in order to create a gloomy atmosphere in his poem â€Å"The Raven†. Alliteration, rhyme, onomatopoeia, assonance, and repetition are used to contribute to the melodic nature of the work and provide an almost â€Å"visual† representation of his gothic setting. Poe is a master of using these writing techniques. â€Å"The Raven† is one of his most popular works. This is certainly due, in partRead MoreComparitve Analysis of the Raven Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1257 Words   |  6 PagesComparative Analysis of the Tell Tale Heart and the Raven Edgar Allen Poe was the author of several daunting works of literature. Two examples of Edgar Allen Poes literature are The Tell Tale Heart and The Raven. If we compare these two works, one a short story and the other a poem, we will see that Poe shows great mastery of symbolism, as well as other forms of literary technique. In these two stories, many people would say that Poe uses the tales to reflect the way he perceivesRead MoreAnalysis of Edgar Allan Poe ´s Literature888 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe has a unique writing style that uses several different elements of literary structure. He uses intrigue vocabulary, repetition, and imagery to better capture the reader’s attention and place them in the story. Edgar Allan Poe’s style is dark, and his is mysterious style of writing appeals to emotion and drama. What might be Poe’s greatest fictitious stories are gothic tend to have the same recurring theme of either death, lost love, or bo th. His choice of word draws the reader inRead MoreThe Gothic Theme of Edgar Allen Poes Work1357 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allen Poe was an English short-story writer whose work reflects the traditional Gothic conventions of the time that subverted the ambivalence of the grotesque and arabesque. Through thematic conventions of the Gothic genre, literary devices and his own auteur, Edgar Allan Poe’s texts are considered sublime examples of Gothic fiction. The Gothic genre within Poe’s work such as The Tell-Tale Heart, The Black Cat, and The Raven, arouse the pervasive nature of the dark side of individualism andRead MoreHow Does Edgar Allan Poe Shape His Writing Style996 Words   |  4 Pages Edgar Allen Poe is a recognized American writer of short stories, poems, and a few books. He lived in the era of westward expansion, slavery laws beginning to become an issue, and most influential to Poe, Tuberculosis was a major issue. There was not yet a cure for people with T B, in fact, there wouldn’t be a known cure for another 100 years after his life. He lost many people during his life, his father left before Poe was 3 years old, his mother died from TB when Edgar was three. He was forcedRead More A Comparison of House of Usher, Bierces Beyond the Wall, The Black Cat, John Mortonsons Funeral1742 Words   |  7 PagesParallels in Poes House of Usher and Bierces Beyond the Wall, Poe’s The Black Cat and Bierces John Mortonsons Funeral, and in M.S. Found in a Bottle by Poe and Three and One are One by Bierce.      Ã‚  Ã‚   When one decides to become an author, one can not help being influenced by his predecessors, causing some of ones work to reflect and echo the predecessors. Such is the case between Ambrose Bierce and his predecessor, Edgar Allen Poe. Excluding the obvious fact that both Poes and BiercesRead MoreRomantic Writing : Edgar Allan Poe1112 Words   |  5 Pagesof the written word and the ability to illustrate intense emotion. Edgar Allan Poe, born in 1809, was an American writer, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his short stories and poetry, especially those consisting of tales of mystery and horror. Widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in American literature, he was one of the country’s first practitioners of the short story. Romanticism was a literary, artistic, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe atRead MoreTell Tale Heart Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"Tell Tale Heart,† Edgar Allen Poe develops th e plot and creates a mood through the use of metaphors, symbolism, imagery, and foreshadowing. The unique use of said literary devices enables the story to strongly entice the reader’s interest and spark high levels of curiosity. The vivid mental pieces of art are beautifully painted with metaphors, symbolism, and imagery, the tools mastered by the painter, Edgar Allen Poe. The initial analysis will be that of the old man’s eye. Mr. Poe uses veryRead MoreEssay on The Black Cat by Edgar Alan Poe1083 Words   |  5 PagesCat,† short story from Edgar Alan Poe, has a few characters and many points of view that probably provide the most important elements in this short story. Therefore, the examination of the conflicts of the protagonists in Edgar Allan Poe’s description plays an important part with the objective of understand this short story. This paper’s objective is to analyze the significance of the characteristics of the protagonist. According to the American romanticist writer Edgar Allen Poe, the story of â€Å"The

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Inhouse Laundry Versus Outsourced Laundry - 960 Words

Chinhoyi university of technology [pic] Tourism and hospitality Names of group 7 members SIMBARASHE TUNHA C123132Y TSITSI MUDEDE C1213053M BOLIVIA MABWE C1212837C YANANAYI DAVU C1213070F CHIRANGANO MBAVARIRA C1213662Z VALENTINE BANGIRA C1213801A NICHOLAS RUNESU C1213816R KUDZAISHE MUPFUMBA C1213618B NYARADZAI MANGARA C1212841G TAFADZWA MUTANDA C1213130W GETRUDE N TAKAPERA C1111059V Discuss the pros and cons of in house and outsourcing laundry†¦show more content†¦It is of paramount importance to note that the hotel might incur all those expenses by employing more stuff but it will also be empowering the social community and providing job opportunities to the community will mean that it will operate in harmony with the locals outsourcing Outsourcing the laundry allows properties to focus on their core business and at the same time, reduce costs, replace a fixed-cost operating structure with a variable cost model incurring in laundry cost only for occupied rooms and therefore, matching expenses to revenue and eliminate need to spend capital in tooling the laundry room. Outsourcing the laundry would help eliminate many of the necessary costs to run and OPL. In some cases, these costs are difficult to identify, as they are part of the hotel’s cost structure and are not easily associated with the laundry process itself. These costs would include: Outsourcing laundry replaced an internal laundry fixed price cost with a variable cost where there is only a cost per occupied room and thus cost per occupied room is fixed, reducing expenditures and controlling budgets. With this system, you can match the laundry expense to the revenue of selling the room. This is particularly important during low occupancy periods It has actually been of great concern to many hotels on whether to outsource or do in-house laundry. It can be safely said that outsourcing laundry is the best way for the hotel to save funds and also toShow MoreRelatedIct and Ebusiness Retail Industry88499 Words   |  354 Pagesenvironment is less vibrant in the EU than in the US: across the majority of variables, EU retail firms lag behind US retailers. In some cases, the differences are large, for example for placing online ads on other companies’ websites (43% in the US versus 16% in the EU) and for options offered to pay online (higher percentages in the US for all options). Exceptions include the share of firms with internet access, the average share of employees with internet access, and the use of internal systems forRead MoreAccounting Information Systems Test Bank 10th Edition41120 Words   |  165 Pagesit assigns costs to each process, or work center, in the production cycle, and then averages these costs across the number of units produced. Process costing is useful whenever similar or homogenous goods are produced in mass quantities, such as laundry detergent, some types of food items, or soft drinks. Costs can be assigned at each stage in the production process for these items, and then an average total unit cost for the product can be calculated based on output. Process costing has also beenRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesare: (1) the company s long- and short-term business plans, (2) current sales forecasts, (3) economic and industry indicators, (4) profit potential, (5) internal capabilities (both volume and technology), and (6) what the customer is willing to pay versus estimated cost. Introduction of Fomzal Project Management at Hyten Corporation 25 The duties of Business Development also include the coordination of a project or new product from initial design through market availability. In this capacity

Sch33 Children and Young People Workforce Free Essays

SCH 33: Promote equality and inclusion in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings. 1. 1 Diversity:Diversity means that every individual is different and unique. We will write a custom essay sample on Sch33 Children and Young People Workforce or any similar topic only for you Order Now No matter what your language, race, sexual orientation, gender, age, religion or physical ability, we all form one diverse group. You will never find two people exactly the same as everyone is from different backgrounds and walks of life. I see a diverse group in my setting as all the children are from different backgrounds. I personally think that children need to understand the importance of diversity from an early age so they can recognise and see that they are all individuals. Equality:I will admit that I originally thought that equality just meant that everyone had to be treated the same, but this is not actually accurate. We are to treat everyone that same, but not in the sense that I thought, it means by giving everyone the same choices and opportunities, either in education or care, no matter what their background or abilities etc. Every person has different needs and abilities so as long as they are given the same access to opportunities. It is not about having one rule for one group and another rule for a different group as this is discrimination. We are all equal in the fact that we are all part of the community and all deserve the same chances as everyone else. Inclusion:This basically means to ‘include’ everyone, no matter what age, sex, gender, race, language or religion. Especially in a children’s setting, they should all be given the chance to be included in the group and have their individual needs met as best they can by the practitioners. For example, you would not single out a child in a wheelchair or a child with a different language, from a crafts activity as once again, this is discrimination. The practitioner should provide support and encouragement to each child so no one misses out. 1. 2 Discrimination:Briefly, discrimination is judging and individual and taking away their right of equality because of their race, sex, religion, age or ability for example. This can be done either by direct discrimination which is when one person is singled out and treated differently, or by indirect discrimination which involves a particular group of individuals. Any form of discrimination can have devastating, long term effects whether it is a child or adult, or even a business/place of work. I have listed some of the effects of discrimination below:- * A business could be fined. * The business would then get a bad reputation and lose money. * The individual would get upset and hurt. It could form a bullying cycle where the individual themselves then discriminates against another. * The person will have low self-esteem and confidence. * Self-doubt and feel un worthy. * Possible suicide of an individual. * Mental health issues – i. e. depression, anxiety. * Loss of income. * Job opportunities lost due to self-doubt. * Turn to drugs or alcohol. * Potentially lose out and miss social opportunities or forming a relationship. * Could miss out on ser vices such as doctors, dentists and children centres. 1. 3 How inclusive practice promotes equality and supports diversity. As I have mentioned previously in my work, I think it is so important to teach children from a young age, the meaning of equality, diversity and inclusion. This way they will develop a positive attitude toward their peers who to at that time may seem different to them, because to be honest, a young child may not understand why their friend is of a different race, ability or culture. Giving the children and young people in our settings, the support and education needed should help them develop and understand that we are all different in some way. Inclusive practice just ensures equality for all the children and young people in our settings, making sure no one is singled out or left behind in terms of progressing or educational needs. If you are in a setting with such a diverse group of children, then encourage them to be curious and ask questions about their peers. Work together to create activities involving different cultures or abilities, that way, everyone will learn and reach a better understanding of everyone’s needs and backgrounds. They will learn to relate to one another and achieve a more positive attitude towards each other. As a practitioner, it is also important to know as much as possible about the different backgrounds so talk to the parents and your colleagues so you can support the children more in their individual needs. If I look back at when I was at school, you realise how things have progressed. I can say that I was in a school where it was 100% white British students. My son starts school next year and I know he will be in a class of students from so many different backgrounds, so it is so important he learn and understand the different races, cultures, religions, abilities and realise we are not all the same, but unique. I just think that inclusive practice plays such a vital role in a child’s life and development, what they learn and understand now, as a child, will help so much in their adulthood. There are a lot of legislations in regards to inclusion, diversity and equality and it is important for practitioners to be aware of these and how they can get help and support in their setting if required. References Bruce, Tina Et al. (2011) Cache Children and Young People’s Workforce. Hodder Education. London www. dcya. gov. ie/documents/childcare http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Inclusion_(education) How to cite Sch33 Children and Young People Workforce, Essay examples

Saturday, April 25, 2020

The Life of Jane Addams Essay Example For Students

The Life of Jane Addams Essay Jane Addams, a pioneering social worker, helped bring attention to the possibility of revolutionizing Americas attitude toward the poor. Not only does she remain a rich source of provocative social theory to this day, her accomplishments affected the philosophical, sociological, and political thought. Addams was an activist of courage and a thinker of originality. Jane Addams embodied the purest moral standards of society which were best demonstrated by her founding of the Hull-House and her societal contributions, culminating with the winning of the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize. Jane Addams was born on September 6, 1860, the eighth child of a prominent family in the small town of Cedarville, Illinois. Of the nine children born to her parents, John and Sarah Addams, only four would reach maturity. Pregnant with her ninth child at the age of forty-nine, Sarah Addams died in 1863, leaving two-year-old Jane, ten-year-old James Weber and three older daughtersMary, Martha, and Alice. Five years after Sarahs death, John Addams married Anna Haldeman, a widow from nearby Freeport who had two sons, eighteen-year-old Henry and seven-year-old George. Jane welcomed the arrival of George, who was almost the same age as she, but she resented her new stepmother at first. The little girl was used to being pampered by her older siblings and the family servants, and she was taken aback by Anna Addamss unfamiliar habits. The new Mrs. Addams was determined to enforce order in the somewhat unruly household, and she had a quick temper. When she arrived in her new home, she began a t once to reorganize it, insisting on formal mealtime behavior, scrupulously orderly rooms, and strict discipline among the children. Anna Addams was, however, intelligent, cultivated, and basically kind. An avid reader and a talented musician, she often entertained the youngsters by reading plays and novels aloud to them, playing the guitar, and singing folk songs. The children soon became accustomed to her ways, and after a few months she won the hearts of both Jane and her siblings. Although Jane grew found of Ma, as she began to call her stepmother, she continued to look to her father and sister Martha for advice and approval. When Martha suddenly died of typhoid fever at the age of sixteen, five-year-old Jane became more dependent than ever on her adored father. At the age of sixteen, Addams was an attractive young woman. College was an exception rather than a rule for women in the 1870s, but John Addams approved of higher education for women, and Jane wanted to go. In 1877, se venteen years old, Jane boarded a train at Cedarville station, and set off for Rockford Seminary, a female college in Rockford, Illinois. Like the twenty-two other women in her freshman class, Addams felt singled out for special opportunity, and she was determined to make the most of it. A few years later, after organizing a chess club, a debating society, an amateur theatrical group and editing/writing for the Rockford Seminary Magazine, Jane graduated and returned home to Cedarville. Jane Addams intended to carry out her plan of attending the Womens Medical College in the fall of 1881 largely because she had to her father she would. Jane soon realized that medical school was not for her as she found she was incapable of concentrating on her classes, an utter failure and unable to work at the best of myself. In February of 1882, she dropped out and entered a hospital, suffering from severe back pain as well as depression. That April, Jane underwent an operation to straighten her sp ine caused by an earlier childhood diagnosis, tuberculosis of the spine. As part of young Janes rejuvenation, her stepmother and a few other women took her on a trek through Europe, proving to be excellent therapy. Addamss European tour improved her health and expanded her cultural horizons. Even more important, however, was what it showed her about a side of life she had never known. A few months after the American women had crossed the Atlantic, she and her companions found themselves in London. There, Jane recalls she received an ineradicable impression of the wretchedness of the poor. Escorted by a tour guide to the slums of east London, the group saw crowds of poor residents bidding on spoiled vegetables discarded by the city grocers. Addams strongest impression, she said, was of hands, myriads of hands, empty, pathetic, nerveless and workworn, showing white in uncertain light of the street, and clutching forward for food which was already unfit to eat. After her visit to the E ast End, Addams went about London furtively, afraid to look down narrow streets and alleys lest they disclose again this hideous human need, bewildered that the world should be going on as usual. Her world, she realized, did not expect her to even remember these peoples misery, much less do anything about it. Well-off and free to do as she chose, Addams nevertheless felt trapped. She knew she wanted to help people, but how? The more she saw Europes cultural riches and the squalor of its slums, factories, and mines, the less she was able to see a clear path toward serving humanity. After almost two years of travel, she returned spiritually more confused than when she had left it. Still perplexed about her role in life, Jane Addams returned to the United States in 1885, spending her next two years in Baltimore. She wrote a few essays about her trip for the Rockford Seminary Magazine, studied the art books from Europe, went to concerts, lectures, and parties, and reread journals she ha d kept during her trip. None of these lifted her spirits, so in the winter of 1887, Jane and a few friends including Ellen Starr returned to England. She was in awe of the citys vast cathedrals with carvings and statues illustrating the history of humanitys quest for spiritual enlightenment. Gazing around the magnificent house of worship in Germany, she envisioned a cathedral of humanity that would be capacious enough to house a fellowship of common purpose and beautiful enough to persuade men to hold fast the vision of human solidarity. Jane and company returned to the United States in 1888 where she would begin to turn her ideas into a reality. In 1889, Addams and Starr moved into a boardinghouse in Chicago where their first task was to round up support for their scheme. Addams intended to use her inheritance to pay most of the expenses, but she hoped to get both moral and financial support from Chicagos religious establishment. She became a member of the Fourth Presbyterian Churc h, attending Bible lectures and teaching a Sunday-school class. Fourth Presbyterians congregation included some of Chicagos wealthiest and most influential people, some of them interested in philanthropy. Whenever Addams met these people, she told them about her plans for a settlement house. She tirelessly repeated her principle argument: A house, easily accessible, ample in space, hospitable and tolerant in spirit, situated in the midst of the large foreign colonies which so easily isolate themselves in American cities, would be in itself a serviceable thing for Chicago. Addams also emphasized her theory that the dependence of classes on each other is reciprocal, meaning that well-to-do people who helped the poor would benefit themselves. Her proposals generally received courteous attention, and the discussion, while often skeptical, was always friendly. With much of the citys religious establishment behind them, the women set about learning how they could run the project that they had in mind. They visited Chicagos leading charitable organizations including the Armour Mission, the Chicago Womens Club, the Womens Christian Temperance Union, and the Association of College Alumnae. These groups responded with enthusiasmsometimes, felt Addams with too much enthusiasm; she was determined to keep the project independent of all official organizations. Addams knew she needed to learn more about Chicago and its inhabitants before opening the settlement house. When she was not visiting charitable institutions, reading about social movements in Europe, or writing letters and giving speeches about her plan, she was busily investigating the city. She trudged through the worst slums, observing and talking to immigrant residents. On September 18, 1889, after several months of repairing and decorating, Addams and Starr moved into their new home. They named it Hull House after its original owner. The areas residents, most of them poor Italian immigrants, were suspicious of t he newcomers at first. Eager to win their neighbors confidence, Addams and Starr decided to demonstrate their respect for the Italian culture. After decorating the walls of Hull House with photographs they had taken in Italy the year before, they invited the whole neighborhood to a reading party of Romola a George Eliot novel about humanitarianism that Addams read aloud in the native tongue, Italian. Suddenly, crowds of local residents, many of them women with babies and young children, began to visit. Realizing that one of the communitys most urgent needs was a nursery school, Addams called on Jenny Dow, a young and wealthy woman who had volunteered her services. Dow started a kindergarten class, enrolling twenty-four children and paying all the expenses herself. Some socially prominent women began to come to the settlement only because they were curious or because working with the poor was fashionable. Many of them, however, sincerely wanted to help and became loyal and indispensa ble aides. The unpaid volunteers who lived at Hull House did their own laundry, cooking, cleaning, and house maintenance. They all worked long, hard hours; in Hull Houses first year, 50,000 people came through its doors. The idealistic young women were inspired both by the needs of the people they served and by Jane Addams herself. Every morning, the settlement house offered kindergarten for the neighbors youngest children and English-language and craft classes for their mothers. In the afternoon, older children arrived for club meetings, vocational training, and classes in art and music. Evening featured cultural programs and more classes for adults. Everywhere she went, Addams was received as a pioneer, honored for her work in awakening the social conscience of America. Hull House had become a famous symbol of the new wave of altruism that was sweeping through the current generation of young, middle-class Americans. The Chicago settlement house, always crowded with neighborhood re sidents, became a magnet for visitors from all walks of life. Hull House remained the center of Addamss life in the 1890s and the first decade of the twentieth century, but she did not limit her activities to the Chicago area. With seemingly inexhaustible energy, she made speeches all over the United States. In February 1899, for example, she delivered four lectures in New York, ten in Massachusetts, two in Pennsylvania, and one each in Vermont, Virginia, and South Carolina. During the rare moments when she was not supervising the programs at Hull House, taking part in labor-management meetings, or making speeches, Addams wrote her first book. Published in 1902, Democracy and Social Ethics was a resounding success, concerning the study of the relationships of human beings, dealing sympathetically with Americas immigrants. One of the best-known women in America by 1910, Addamss outstanding work had not gone unnoticed by others. She turned her attention increasingly to larger, worldwi de causes, and received the honor of being named the first woman president of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections. In 1906, she attended her first meeting of the National American Women Suffrage Association, an organization promoting the right to vote for women. By 1911, NAWSA had elected Addams its vice president, and the following year, she spoke at its convention in Philadelphia. When Theodore Roosevelt ran for president as a third-party candidate in 1912, he endorsed some of the social and factory reforms that Addams and her Hull House coworkers supported. Since Addams and Roosevelt had become good friends, she willingly backed his partywith one exceptionher disagreement with Roosevelts racial position. Nearly two years after Roosevelts campaign and subsequent defeat, Addams became involved in another strugglethe struggle for peace. As news continued to reach the United States about young men fighting and being killed in Europe during the Great War in 1914, Adda ms became more and more concerned. Then, on January 15, 1915, a conference of various womens groups was held in Washington, D.C. A new, unified group known as the Womans Peace Party came out of the conference and elected Jane Addams as its head. People often misunderstood Addamss efforts to promote peace, and for a time, she became unpopular. Addams wanted the United States to stay out of the war, and groups like Daughters of the American Revolution and the American Legion disagreed with her since she appeared unpatrioticeven pro-Germanto many Americans. Throughout the 1920s, Addams continued to work fro world peace through an organization called the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom. Although still involved with Hull House, the world had become her forum. In 1931, Addams received her greatest honor, the Nobel Peace Prize, but because of a bronchitis attack and surgery for a tumor, she was unable to travel to Norway to accept it. The Nobel Committee had granted her t his award because of her earlier efforts to promote peace. Despite the years of criticism she had faced because of her views on world peace, Addams was vindicated after all. Addams lived the next few years of her life trying to help her neighbors and to make the world a safer, better place. In February 1935, Addams received the American Education Award and attended Washington, D.C., celebrations in her honor, where she addressed the world by radio. On May 21, 1935, Jane Addams died from recently discovered intestinal cancer; she was seventy-four years old. Janes funeral took place at Hull House as thousands of people gathered in the courtyard to pay their last respects. The marker on her gravestone reads simply: Jane Addams of Hull House and the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom. The epitaph is a brief one for a person who accomplished so much throughout her lifetime, and for one who responded to each new challenge with courage, fine-tuned from years of practice. Som e have wondered what a difference Hull House and the ideas it represents have made. What influence have the classes held there, the clubs, the musical programs, and all other activities had? Perhaps only a few hundred, overall, actually attended functions at Hull House. The others Addams influenced, either read her writings or heard her speak. Addamss vision and ideas live on, however, not only in the people reached by the Hull House center in Chicago, but in numerous other cities across the United States who attempted to duplicate Jane Addamss cause. From the modest beginnings at Hull House, Addams helped begin a whole movementa movement that spread throughout society. Middle-class and wealthy people learned about the problems of the poor and immigrant people. They also learned that they could remedy some of societys ills. Largely through Addamss efforts, people became aware not only of poor peoples needs, but of what they could do to improve living conditions. Still standing on Ha lsted Street, the original mansion that contained Hull House looks as gracious and dignified as everas if Jane Addams herself stands within its courtyard reminding us to bring help and hope to those less fortunate. .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c , .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c .postImageUrl , .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c , .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c:hover , .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c:visited , .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c:active { border:0!important; } .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c:active , .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud80a56ebfede4b22fb6117973c64257c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Beowulf As Christian Allegory Essay We will write a custom essay on The Life of Jane Addams specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now BibliographyAddams, Jane. Democracy and Social Ethics. 1902. Reprint. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002. Addams, Jane. The Second Twenty Years at Hull-House. New York: Macmillan Co., 1930. Addams, Jane. Twenty Years at Hull-House. 1910. Reprint. Prairie State Books. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990. Berson, Robin. Jane Addams: A Biography. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2004. Elshtain, Jean Bethke. Jane Addams and the Dream of American Democracy: A Life. New York: Basic Books, 2002. Lasch, Christopher, ed. The Social Thought of Jane Addams. American Heritage Series. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1965. The Official Web Site of the Nobel Foundation. Nobelprize.org. 2005. http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1931/addams.html

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

The Life of John Marshall essays

The Life of John Marshall essays Born in 1755 and dying in 1835, John Marshall, the fourth Chief Justice of the United States, is a greatly respected and revered historical figure and person, even after death. Besides his impressive collection of official accomplishments and positions held, Marshalls presence throughout the Revolutionary War and after had much influence on the circumstances happening around him. John Marshall was born on September 24th to Mary Randolph Keith and Thomas Marshall in Germantown, Virginia. Being the first of 15 children, John grew up in a large family. Although his parents were not formally educated, they were considered adequately educated for the times and held a significant social, religious, and political status in Fauquier County where they lived. Books were hard to obtain, but John managed to get his hands on some and became enthralled with the writings of Shakespeare, Dryden, and Pope by the time he was twelve. In 1767 John received his first bit of formal education when a young Scottish minister came to live with his family for a year. It had long been Thomas Marshalls dream for his son to be a lawyer and he tried to give John every advantage he could. In 1780 John took a six-week course at William and Mary College, where he attended law lectures and philosophy classes. John Marshall had an impressive military career. During the Revolutionary War, John distinguished himself serving as a member of the 3rd Virginia Regiment. He joined the Culpeper Minute Men and was chosen as Lieutenant and fought in many well-known battles, such as Bunker Hill, with his father. It was during Benedict Arnolds invasion in 1780, when Marshall first started his disliking for Thomas Jefferson. Marshall had heard the stories about Jefferson fleeing shamelessly without first warning other of attack and disapproved of them greatly. In 1788 he became the captain of the Continental Army. By the end of the war, he was ...

Monday, March 2, 2020

Understanding Jacklighting

Understanding Jacklighting Jacklighting is the practice of shining a light into a forest or a field at night, to find animals for hunting. This can be done with car headlights, spotlights, searchlights or other lights, mounted on a vehicle or not. The animals are temporarily blinded and stand still, making it easier for hunters to kill them. In some areas, jacklighting is illegal because it is considered unsporting and dangerous because the hunters cannot see far enough beyond the targeted animal. Laws Regarding Jacklighting Where jacklighting is illegal, the law has a specific definition of the prohibited activity. For example, in Indiana: (b) A person may not knowingly throw or cast the rays of any spotlight or other artificial light:(1) not required by law on a motor vehicle; and(2) in search of or upon any wild bird or wild animal;from a vehicle while the person possesses a firearm, bow, or crossbow, if by throwing or casting the rays a wild bird or wild animal could be killed. This subsection applies even though the animal is not killed, injured, shot at, or otherwise pursued.(c) A person may not take any wildlife, except furbearing mammals, with the aid of illumination of any spotlight, searchlight, or other artificial light.(d) A person may not shine a spotlight, searchlight, or other artificial light for the purpose of taking, attempting to take, or assisting another person to take a deer. In New Jersey, the law states: No person or persons while in or on a vehicle shall throw or cast the rays of any illuminating device including, but not limited to, a spotlight, flashlight, floodlight or headlight, which is affixed to a vehicle or which is portable, on or in any area where deer may reasonably be expected to be found, while having in his or their possession or control, or in or on the vehicle, or any compartment thereof, whether or not the vehicle or compartment is locked, any firearm, weapon or other instrument capable of killing deer. Additionally, hunting at night is illegal in some states, whether or not a spotlight is being used. Some states specify which types of animals may be hunted with spotlights at night. Also Known As: spotlighting, shining, lamping Examples: A conservation officer caught four men jacklighting in the state park last night, and cited them for violating state hunting regulations.

Friday, February 14, 2020

The importance of mission in the Strategic Management process Essay

The importance of mission in the Strategic Management process - Essay Example System of management is the main means of development and practical realization of the general program of the organization development and realization of its strategy. An ultimate goal of system of management is the performance of the company’s mission. Strategy of corporation is a business concept of the organization on the given strategic prospect, submitted as the long-term program of concrete actions which are capable of realizing the given concept and to provide the organizations competitive advantages in achievement of the purposes. Strategic management is a subsystem of organization management which carries out all the complex of concrete works on professional action under the strategic analysis, to development, realization and controlling strategy of the organization. These characteristics may be various and concern to the product (base service), and to the additional services accompanying base, i.e. to modes of production, selling, sales etc., specific to the organization and its product. Humger insists that mission, vision and values are the links that connect the integral parts of the company together. They describe the purpose of the company, the approaches that are implemented for successful result, and a general goal of the company’s existence. Defining and realizing these points will help both the staff and heads of the company get an integral image of the company, which would be helpful in their working process. These notions may sound abstract for people that are not involved into strategic planning, especially for people, that are occupied with practical activities and are focused on getting benefits and do not trouble themselves with such abstract notions. Such pragmatic people, or people, who consider themselves to be pragmatic, pass this very important stage of building up a successful base for future functioning of the company. It is extremely important to find staff and time to forge out mission, vision and

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Article review - Essay Example For example, whereas prize vases from the 4th century are engraved with Athena Polias, while the headings of alliances and treaties done on marble were engraved with Athena Parthenos. Athena personifies Athens not as a goddess but as a symbol of the city’s power (Murray, 1890). However, the Parthenos was not only symbolic if the city was partaking in an act of peace, such as the Parthenos holding the acrostolion. Usually, the Parthenos as used to personify Athens was a likeness of Pheidas’ earlier creation, in which she is taking the hand of an allied state. The author considers the likeness of the Parthenos as found on an engraved gem in Cyprus created during the 4th century. She represents Athens, standing in an aegis and helmet, while she has a spear and shield to her left, as well as a serpent to her left (Murray, 1890). However, this particular Athena digresses from the usual Parthenos as created by Pheidas, as she holds an acrostolion in her right hand, rather than a victory figure, such as that on the stern of a naval ship. The acrostolion was known as being symbolic of a naval victory. While there were other symbols of naval victories, such as the bronze mast with three gold stars at the corner or at an angle, the author contends that, the Athena gem from Cyprus symbolized a naval victory because the acrostolion was a well-known emblem for the same purpose (Murray, 1890). The writer also uses the example of a silver coin from Cyprus that also showed the Athena Parthenos used as a symbol of naval victory. In this case, the Athena is quite similar to that from the earlier example but sits on a ship’s prow as she holds the acrostolion in her right hand (Murray, 1890). The coin, he argues, is commemorative of a battle victory for a town in Cyprus aided by Athens. As he stated earlier, this coin could have been used to symbolize an alliance with the town, thus the use of Athena Parthenos. He also argues against the

Friday, January 24, 2020

John Deweys Critique of Socioeconomic Individualism Essay -- Sociolog

My paper attempts to exhibit the consistency of John Dewey’s non-individualistic individualism. It details Dewey’s claim that the traditional dualism opposing the individual to the social is politically debilitating. We find Dewey in the 20’s and 30’s, for example, arguing that the creation of a genuine public arena, one capable of precluding the rise of an artificial chasm between sociality and individuality—or, rather, one capable of precluding the rise of an artificial chasm between notions of sociality and individuality—had itself been forestalled by an inherited, outdated, but nonetheless dominant custom called individualism. By blocking public investigation itself, by enervating what Dewey called social inquiry, and thus by misguiding historically sensitive assessments of slippery social phenomena, our contingently strapped individualism drifts aimlessly and destructively through the present era. Insofar as it fails to realize how publi city and individuality can be a congruous, inextricable, and mutually conditioning pair, individualism leeches many of today’s individuals of their situated and situating historical potential. In the final chapter of his work The Public and its Problems (PAIP) John Dewey suggests that, despite the insistence of most social theorists, if we regard the so-called individual/social distinction as a gap to be bridged or as an antithesis to be synthesized then our nose for public & democratic reform has been tricked by a central red herring of political modernity: The preliminary to fruitful discussion of social matters is that certain obstacles shall be overcome, obstacles residing in our present conceptions of the method of social inquiry. One of the obstructions in the path is the seemingl... ...ical progress, and only then will we lay the foundation for the construction of public apparati which do not merely police atomic selves negatively in their battles for economic supremacy and which do not merely reconcile Society to the claims of private Selves but which produce selves habitually resistant to atomization. Indeed, as we also indicated above, according to Dewey the problem of publicity in modern society and the modern state lies less in need of bridging the gap between the one and the many as in showing the impractical effects of thinking according to the conceptual scheme of a gap. It is currently anathema, in other words, to think sacrificially of publicity, to think that a lively public arena can exist only when certain individual claims are sacrificed or, conversely, that individuality will thrive only at the expense of the greater public good.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

2008 Summer Olympics Essay

Published by  © 2008 by Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilm, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. IM-1826 CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 2. The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 3. The Economics of Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 4. Audiences for Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 5. The Role of Media in Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 6. Sociocultural Perspectives on Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 7. Practicum on Sportscasting Chapter 8. The Future of Sportscasters/Sportscasting Suggestions for Teaching Sportscasting Syllabus Critical Dates Student Profile Invitation for Sportscaster Speaker 5 7 13 19 25 33 41 55 61 65 67 69 73 75 Introduction Conceived as a supplement to Sportscasters/Sportscasting: Principles and Practices, this collection of exercises adds to the pedagogical mix. Following the outline of a broad approach to understanding the topic—which includes the history, economics, audience, media, sociology, practicality, and future concerns of sports and sportscasting, it has this general outline: Chapter l. Introduction to the study of sportscasters and sportscasting Chapter 2. The historical development of sports and sportscasting Chapter 3. The economics of sports, sportscasters, and sportscasting (sports advertisers and advertising, sport tourism, sports marketing and management, the sports-media complex, sportscasters’ earnings, and sports sponsorship) Chapter 4. Audiences for sports and sportscasting (U. S. audiences, international audiences, and special events) Chapter 5. The role of the media in sports and sportscasting (print media, broadcasting, and beyond, sportscasters—the â€Å"Jockocracy† issue, sportscasters as celebrities, and sportscaster profiles) Chapter 6. Sociocultural perspectives on sports and sportscasting (pervasiveness and salience of sports, role modeling/heroes, and issues—racial and gender consideration) Chapter 7. Practicum on sportscasting Chapter 8. Future concerns and considerations about sports and sportscasting Designed for teachers and students, as well as anyone interested in the topic, the Exercises in Sportscasting includes a range of ap5 6 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING proaches. The idea here is that participants in this process will want to learn as much as they can about the subject. As you will see, each chapter offers several ways to enhance the learning process. Some chapters encourage discussions of topics with family and friends and/or in the classroom, and most are meant to get you both thinking and talking about sportscasting-related issues. There also are a number of bibliographic lists, encouraging further research on various topics, along with an approach to reporting on your reading that encourages critical thinking. Exercise 1. 4 is a â€Å"Fill in the blanks,† with the answers on the next page, as is Exercise 2. 3 â€Å"Sport history firsts,† and the essays in Exercise 2. 4 have suggested inclusions for answers. If you are interested in doing survey scholarship, there are two examples here: Exercise 4. 5 offers directions on how to get information on audiences for the Olympic Games, along with a sample and coding forms, and Exercise 5. 8 gives you a good background for interviewing sportscasters. In the hope that you use soft drinks, as suggested, you should enjoy Exercise 5. 6, â€Å"The Brent Musburger Drinking Game†Ã¢â‚¬â€ another way to monitor sportscasterspeak. There actually are a number of fun exercises here, as you will see. In terms of the practicum, you are asked to consider the field of sports journalism, examine sports cliches, construct a resume, analyze your voice, and actually practice sportscasting. As in anything else, the more you are willing to try these various activities, the more it will help you in the long run. This is, after all, only your beginning. After the exercises is a separate section focusing on the way this course has been taught in the past. It includes the following: 1. Syllabus 2. Critical Dates 3. Student profile 4. A suggested invitation for a sportscaster speaker Designed for teachers, this section is suggestive only, and is open to input—as is, in fact, this whole project. Your responses are encouraged, and I wish you well in your analysis of and/or career in sportscasting. Chapter 1 Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Exercise 1. 1: Your Definition/Description of Sportscasting We all have our own experiences with the subject of sportscasting. Tell about yours, including your interest in the topic. At some point, give your own definition and/or description of sportscasting. In addition, what has been your personal experience with sportscasting and sportscasters? Have you met any sportscasters personally? Who are your favorites? Who are your least favorite(s)? Think about why, and share your thoughts. Exercise 1. 2: Globalization of Sports (book review) From the bibliography that follows, choose a book and critique it, including the following information: 1. The book: Full name of the title, author(s) name, when and where published and by whom, number of pages and illustrations. 2. Author(s): Who she or he is—profession, background, experience, and other publications. 3. Frame of reference: The writer’s point of view, or bias. Do you think she or he is qualified to write about this subject? Is the book based on personal experience? 4. Thesis: What is the main point here? Why do you think this book was written? Read the preface and the book jacket, if applicable. Give a brief description of the book in terms of its thesis, and give your opinion on how well it is supported. 7 8 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING 5. Evidence: What kinds of arguments does the author use, and how successfully? Do you think the facts are valid? Are the conclusions under- or overstated, and how do they stand up? 6. Contribution to knowledge: What does this book add to both your education and that of others who might read it? Who might like to read this book? 7. Your evaluation of the book: Was it well written? Well organized? Would you read more books by this author? 8. Overall personal reaction: Was reading this book and writing this book report a worthwhile experience for you? Did you discuss this book with anyone? Bibliography on Globalization Allison, Lincoln (2006). The global politics of sport: The role of global institutions in sport. Oxford, UK: Routledge. Amis, John (2005). Global sport sponsorship. Oxford, UK: Berg Publishing. Andrews, David L. (2006). Sport-commerce-culture: Essays on sport in late capitalist America. New York: Peter Lang. Baimer, A. 2001. Sport, nationalism, and globalization: European and North American perspectives. Albany, NY: SUNY. Chandler, Joan M. 1988. Television and national sport: The U. S. and Britain. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Cronin, Mike and David Mayall (Eds. ) (1998). Sporting nationalisms. Oxford, UK: Taylor & Francis, Inc. Eitzen, D. Stanley (Ed. ) (2004). Sport in contemporary society: An anthology, 7th ed. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers. Foer, Franklin. 2004. How soccer explains the world: An unlikely theory of globalization. New York: Harper Perennial. Gems, Gerald R. (2006). The athletic crusade: Sport and American cultural imperialism. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Houlihan, Barrie. 1994. Sport and international politics. NY: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Ingham, Alan G. and John W. Loy (eds. ) 1993. Sport in social development: Traditions, transitions, and transformations. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Maguire, Joseph. 1999. Global sport: Identities, societies, civilizations. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Majumdar, Boria and Fan Hong (Eds. ) (2006). Modern sport the global obsession. Oxford, UK: Routledge. Miller, Toby, Geoffrey Lawrence, Jim McKay, and David Rowe (2001). Globalization and sport: Playing the world. London: Sage. Roche, Maurice (2001). Mega-events and modernity: Olympics and expos in the growth of global culture. London: Routledge. Instructor’s Manual 9 Sandvoss, Cornel. 2003. A game of two halves: Football fandom, television and globalisation. London: Routledge. Szymanski, Stefan and Andrew Zimbalist. (2005). National pastime: How Americans play baseball and the rest of the world plays soccer. Brookings Institution Press. Tomlinson, Alan and Christopher Young (Eds. ) (2006). National identity and global sports events. Albany: State University of New York Press. Van Bottenburg, Maarten and Beverley Jackson (2001). Global games. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. Wenner, Lawrence A. (Ed. ) (1998). MediaSport. New York: Routledge. Westerbeek, Han and Aaron Smith (2003). Sport business in the global marketplace. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Whannel, Garry (1992). Fields in vision: TV sport and cultural transformation. London: Routledge. Wilson, John. 1994. Playing by the rules: Sport, society, and the state. Detroit, MI: Wayne State UP. Exercise 1. 3: Sportscasting Firsts Lou Schwartz has put together a list of â€Å"Sportscasting Firsts, 1920Present,† available at http://www. americansporscasteronline. com, from American Sportscasters Online. Choose one of these events to research further, and feel free to add more to the list. Sept. 6, 1920 – First Radio Broadcast of a Prizefight -Jack Dempsey versus Billy Miske – WWJ Nov. 25, 1920 – First Radio Play-by-Play Broadcast of a Collegiate Football Game – Texas University versus Mechanical College of Texas – WTAW Aug. 5, 1921 – First Radio Broadcast of a Baseball Game-Pittsburgh Pirates versus Philadelphia Phillies Harold Arlin on KDKA Aug. 6, 1921 – First Radio Broadcast of a Tennis Match – Australia versus Great Britian, Davis Cup – Harold Arlin on KDKA Oct. 5, 1921 – First Radio Broadcast of a World Series- New York Yankees versus New York Giants Sandy Hunt and Tommy Cowan on WJZ Oct. 7, 1922 – First Radio Chain Broadcast- WJZ and WGY transmitted a World Series game from the field Grantland Rice and Graham McNamee 10 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING Nov. 24, 1923 – First Radio Broadcast of the Annual Army Navy football game – Graham McNamee Jan. 1, 1927 – First Coast-to-Coast Radio Program – Univ. of Alabama versus Stanford – originating from Pasadena, California, broadcast from the Rose Bowl – NBC network May 17, 1939 – First Televised Sports Event – Columbia versus Princeton baseball – Bill Stern on NBC Aug. 26, 1939 – First Television Broadcast of a Pro Baseball Game – Cincinnati Reds versus Brooklyn Dodgers Red Barber on W2XBS Oct. 22, 1939 – First Television Broadcast of a Pro Football Game-Brooklyn Dodgers versus Philadelphia Eagles W2XBS Feb. 25, 1940 – First Television Broadcast of a Hockey GameNew York Rangers versus Montreal Canadiens -W2XBS Feb. 28, 1940 – First Televsion Broadcast of a Basketball Game Fordham versus U. of Pittsburgh W2XBS Sept. 30, 1947 – First Televised World Series-New York Yankees versus Brooklyn Dodgers – aired on three stations: WABD, WCBS, WNBT -Bob Edge, Bob Stanton and Bill Slater Oct. 3, 1951 – First Coast-to-Coast Television Broadcast of a Baseball Game-NY Giants versus Brooklyn Dodgers, Game 3 of NL playoffs. Giants win on Bobby Thomson’s homerun known as the â€Å"Shot Heard ’Round the World. † Aug. 26, 1955 – First Color Television broadcast – Davis Cup match between Australia and the U. S. – NBC July 23, 1962 – First Satellite Telecast via Telstar Communications – included portion of Chicago Cubs versus Philadelphia Phillies from Wrigley Field – Jack Brickhouse Jan. 15, 1967 – First Television Broadcast of a Football Championship- Green Bay Packers versus Kansas City Chiefs – Jack Buck Nov. 8, 1972 – First Sports Telecast by HBO – New York Rangers versus Vancouver Canucks from Madison Square Garden reaches HBO’s 365 subscribers in Wilkes Barre, Pa. – Marty Glickman Instructor’s Manual 11 Aug. 16, 1976 – First Pro Football Game Outside the United States- St. Louis Cardinals versus San Diego Chargers in Japan- Jack Buck Aug. 3, 1993 – First Woman to do Television Play-by-Play of a Baseball Game -Colorado Rockies versus Cincinnati Reds Gayle Gardner on KNGN-TV in Denver Exercise 1. 4: Fill in the Blanks 1. The evolution of sportscasting has gone from sports reporting for information to in terms of its profitability. 2. Sportscasting is a $ industry. 3. Television executives and advertisers are primarily interested in sportscasters who can . 4. Super Bowl hype helps draw audiences of (number) viewers with advertising costing $ per minute.at ABC is credited with helping that network become 5. known for its sports, introducing shows like Wide World of Sports in 1967 and Monday Night Football in 1970. 6. Women sportscasters, although few in number, include: , , and . 7. According to Red Barber, was the first genuine pioneer in radio sports announcing. 8. In the 1960s, the annual number of network hours of sports programming was 787; in the 1970s, 1,340; and now it is . in advertising for 9. The major networks sell about $ sports. 10. Leading sportscasters currently earn salaries of -figure incomes. 11. Sporting events created for television, such as celebrity tennis or billiards, The Skins Games, battles of network â€Å"superstars,† and shows like them are called . 12. ABC paid $ for rights to the 1984 Los Angeles Olymfor the 1988 Calgary Olympics, and NBC paid pics, $ $ for the 2006 Torino Olympics and 2008 Beijing Olympics. 13. Americans spend about % of our gross national product (GNP) on sports. 12 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING 14. Sports marketing statistics show corporate sponsorship costs of $ for endorsements from sports figures, and about on event sponsorship and participation. $ 15. My personal favorite sportscaster is: . Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Infotainment Multibillion dollar industry Draw and sustain audiences 140+ million viewers, with advertising costing $2 million per thirty seconds Roone Arledge Mary Carillo, Gayle Gardner, Robin Roberts, Lesley Visser, etc. Major J. Andrew White 24/7 ABC $1. 33 billion, CBS $1. 43 billion, NBC $472 million, ESPN $1. 16 billion and ESPN2 $219 million, Fox $1. 18 billion, and TNT $221 million. Seven â€Å"Trashsports† ABC—$225 million 1984; $309 million 1988; NBC—$1. 5 billion for 2006 and 2008 One (1) percent $900 million for endorsements, $7. 7 billion for sponsorships (students’ choice) Chapter 2 The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Exercise 2. 1: Oral Histories on Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Probably the best way for you to understand and appreciate the history of sports and sportscasting is by talking to people who have experience with the past. Let me suggest that you conduct interviews with two persons—preferably one male and one female, preferably separately, preferably both born before or during World War II about their early memories with sports, sportscasters, and sportscasting. Use your own knowledge about the history, economics, politics, content trends, and sociocultural implications of radio and television in your interviews. Prompt your interviewees to remember some of their favorite early programs, performers, even advertisers. Write up a summary of your findings, including detailed descriptions on when and where the interviews were performed, how long they lasted, whether you tape-recorded responses and/or wrote them down, whether or not those responses are reported verbatim, and overall how you felt about the survey procedure. Also, provide detailed descriptions about the persons you interviewed, especially demographically. This method has proven to be a fascinating way to learn history, and old-timers really enjoy the process. Be sure to thank them for sharing their memories! Exercise 2. 2: Hype in Sports History Often, we might wonder about what is hyped in sports history, and what might be ignored. As a sports scholar, you might consider the 13 14 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING following approach to sports media criticism of television and/or film: 1. Who are the actors in this episode or series, and what roles do they play? 2. Who made the program or movie: production company, producer, director, writer, director of cinematography, and so on? Have I seen other works by these people? Is it pertinent to know and mention them? 3. Do I like this episode or movie? Why? Why not? 4. Have I been fair with this episode or movie after only one viewing, or should I see it a second time to see what I might have missed? 5. What biases might I have toward the episode or movie’s star(s), director, and/or subject matter? 6. Have I been as objective as possible? Have I used examples to support my views? Have I been prejudiced by my attitude toward the episode or movie’s theme or plot? Have I described it accurately? Exercise 2. 3: Sports History Firsts Fill in the blanks. 1. The first successful sports broadcast in the United States: 2. In baseball, this broadcast took place during its 53rd season: . 3. Describe the first World Series sportscast: ________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 4. Jack Graney, the first ex-athlete to occupy the broadcast booth, became known as: __________________________________. 5. The first Olympic Games broadcast for the American public were: ____________________________________________. 6. Davis Cup, the first tennis match, had reportage on this date: _________________________________________________. 7. The first broadcast of a college football game was: __________. 8. Radio covered the first boxing match between whom: _______. Instructor’s Manual 15 9. The first live sporting event on television was: _____________. 10. Regarding the print media, what was the first sport magazine to debut in the 1820s: __________________________________. 11. The newspaper that had the first distinct sports section: ______. 12. Name the first daily newspaper totally devoted to sports, with regional sections: ___________________________________. 13. HBO’s first regional sportscast: ________________________. 14. ESPN, the first twenty-four-hour all-sports cable network, began: _____________________________________________. 15. Ted Turner’s Goodwill Games first began: ________________. Answers 1. April 11, 1921, when the Pittsburgh Post’s sports editor, Florent Gibson, did the play-by-play over station KDKA, describing the no-decision fight between Johnny Ray and Johnny Dundee at Pittsburgh’s Motor Square Garden. 2. August 5, 1921, broadcast by Harold Arlin—Pittsburgh Pirates defeating the Philadelphia Phillies 8-5. 3. Thomas Cowan, sitting in a New York studio, recreated for the radio audience over stations WJZ and WBZ the 1921 World Series on October 5, as the New York Giants defeated the New York Yankees 5-3. Grantland Rice did the play-by-play. 4. â€Å"The Voice of the Indians,† 1932. 5. 1932 radio reports from Lake Placid for the winter games, Los Angeles for the summer games. Ted Husing provided summaries on WABC in New York. 6. August, 1921 over KDKA. 7. November 5, 1921, with Harold Arlin of KDKA covering Pittsburgh versus West Virginia; he yelled so hard at one touchdown that he knocked the station off the air. 8. Over WJY in 1921, the world heavyweight championship prize fight between Jack Dempsey and George Carpentier of France. 9. The second game of a baseball double-header between Columbia and Princeton, covered by Bill Stern out of New York’s Baker Field on May 17, 1939. 10. William Trotter Porter’s Spirit of the Times. 11. William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal, 1895. 12. Frank DeFord’s The National, which debuted January, 1990. 16 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING 13. 1972 hockey game between the New York Rangers and Vancouver Canucks. 14. September, 1979. 15. 1986. Exercise 2. 4: Essays 1. Describe the broad trends that best depict qualifications of what makes and have made the best sportscasters over the years. 2. Trace the developments from sports journalism to sports broadcasting. 3. Discuss sportscasters themselves: as sponsors, celebrities/stars, as fans’ favorites, as former athletes (â€Å"jockocracy†), and as newscasters. 4. Outline some of the distinctions of the symbiosis between media and sport. Suggested Essay Answers 1. In the early days, voice was the most distinguishing characteristic. Review the Waldo Abbott 1941 quotation about phraseology, diction, rules, and regulations, and review some early sports journalists. The second phase of sportscasting concentrated more on knowledge of sport, and began the practice known as â€Å"jockocracy. † Currently, it appears that knowledge of television is what is critical. Consider Marty Glickman’s suggestion that succinctness, self-discipline and awareness of the action are the criteria. Still today the demographics of sportscasters remain pretty much within the purview of white males, aged thirty to fifty. It is found that local/regional sportscasters differ greatly from national network ones, the former being more involved personally with the teams. 2. Bruce Garrison shows how sports reporting is becoming more professional—list some examples. We are thought to be in the â€Å"age of realism†Ã¢â‚¬â€what Karmer (1987) calls the double whammy of electronic media and tabloid journalism, such that the rules are being rewritten. Print was revolutionized by the introduction of USA Today— especially graphics, statistics, and wide-ranging sports coverage. But so far no newspaper has caught on; even though The National was well done, sports fans today mostly depend on television and the Internet for their coverage. Television itself has revolutionized sports Instructor’s Manual 17 coverage, from ABC in the 1970s to the introduction of ESPN and other 24/7 sports channels. We have moved from game stories centered on quotes from players and coaches and postgame trips to the locker room to instant messaging and â€Å"reality† monitoring. It becomes sobering to realize how we are moving from being told about sports to choosing what stories we want to follow; in other words, we are increasingly becoming more active in the process. 3. Cite some examples of sportscasters as sponsors, and then consider the issue of how some of them become bigger than the events they are covering. Who are â€Å"homers†? Who are former athletes? Who are newsmakers? Include considerations of race, gender, homophobia, and the like. 4. What is real relative to sportscasting? What differences are there between how reportage is received from print media, radio or television, the Internet, iPods, and other technologies? Discuss various production techniques, such as slo-mo replays, time-lapse shots, telestrators, wireless microphones, cameras attached to items like pucks, and how they might determine how a story is delivered. And consider how editing and videotaping have revolutionized not only what we see but also when and how we see it—remote controls, Tivos, and general zipping and zapping of ads and programs. The potential for great sports viewing, and for learning about new sports and other countries’ sports, is outstanding—but will we settle for the same old/same old? Will we ask more from our sports, and from our sportscasters? Chapter 3 The Economics of Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Exercise 3. 1: Sports Tourism As one of the fastest-growing niche markets in the more than $500 billion tourism industry, sports tourism encourages us to participate directly, such as on ski trips, at golf or tennis camps, on theme cruises, or as spectators for events such as the Olympic Games, Super Bowl, World Cup, and the like. Tell about your own experience in sports tourism. You might want to refer to some of these books: Brabazon, Tara (2006). Playing on the periphery: Sport, identity and memory. London: Routledge. Gibson, Heather (2006). Sport tourism. New York: Routledge. Higham, James (2004). Sport tourism destinations: Issues, opportunities and analysis. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Hinch, Thomas and James E. S. Higham (2004). Sport tourism development. Clevedon, UK: Channel View Books. Hudson, Simon (Ed. ) (2002). Sport and adventure tourism. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press. Ritchie, Brent W. and Daryl Adair (Eds. ) (2004). Sport tourism: Interrelationships, impacts and issues. Oxon, UK: Multilingual Matters. Robinson, Tom (2004). Sports tourism: An introduction. Boston, MA: Thomson Learning. Robinson, Tom, Sean Gammon, and Ian Jones (2003). Sports tourism: An Introduction. London: Continuum. Rowe, David and Geoffrey Laurence (Eds. ) (2000). Tourism, leisure, sport, and critical perspectives. Cambridge University Press. Ryan, Chris (2003). Recreational tourism: Demand and impacts. Celevedon, UK: Channel View Publications. 19 20 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING Scarrott, Martin (Ed. ) (1999). Sport, leisure and tourism information sources: A guide for researchers. Butterworth-Heinemann. Standeven, Joy and Paul DeKnop (1999). Sport tourism. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Turco, Douglas Michele, Roger S. Riley, Kamilla Swart (2002). Sport tourism. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Van Der Wagen, Lynn (2002). Event management: For tourism, cultural, business, and sporting events. Prentice-Hall. Weed, Mike and Chris Bull (2003). Sports tourism: Participants, policy and providers. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Exercise 3. 2: The Economics of Sports (book review) From the bibliography, choose a book and critique it, including the following information: 1. The book: full name of the title, author(s) name, when and where published and by whom, number of pages and illustrations. 2. Author(s): who she or he is—profession, background, experience, and other publications. 3. Frame of reference: the writer’s point of view, or bias. Do you think he or she is qualified to write about this subject? Is the book based on personal experience? 4. Thesis: what is the main point here? Why do you think this book was written? Read the preface and the book jacket, if applicable. Give a brief description of the book in terms of its thesis, and give your opinion on how well it is supported. 5. Evidence: what kinds of arguments does the author use, and how successfully? Do you think the facts are valid? Are the conclusions under- or overstated, and how do they stand up? 6. Contribution to knowledge: what does this book add to both your education and that of others who might read it? Who might like to read this book? 7. Your evaluation of the book: was it well written? Well organized? Would you read more books by this author? 8. Overall personal reaction: was reading this book and writing this book report a worthwhile experience for you? Did you discuss this book with anyone? Instructor’s Manual. Bibliography on General Sports Economics 21 Andrews, David L. (Ed. ) (2001). Michael Jordon, Inc: Corporate sport, media culture, and late modern America. Albany: State University of NY Press. Andrews, David L. (2006). Sport-commerce-culture: Essays on sport in late capitalist America. New York: Peter Lang. Aris, Stephen (1990). Sportsbiz: Inside the sports business. London: Hutchinson. Fizel, John, Elizabeth Gustafson, and Lawrence Hadley (Eds. ) (1999). Sports economics: Current research. Westport, CT: Praeger. Goff, Brian L. and Robert D. Tollison (eds. ) (1990). Sportometrics. College Station, TX: Texas A&M UP. Gorman, Jerry and Kirk Calhoun (1994). The name of the game: The business of sports. NY: John Wiley & Sons. Graham, Peter J. (Ed. ) (1994). Sport business: Operational and theoretical aspects. Madison, WI: WCB Brown & Benchmark. Hofmann, Dale and Martin J. Greenberg (1989). Sports$biz: An irreverent look at Big Business in pro sports. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Klatell, David A. and Norman Marcus (1988). Sports for sale: Television, money, and the fans. New York: Oxford. Rosentraub, Mark S. (1997). Major League losers: The real cost of sports and who’s paying for it. New York: Basic Books. Sheehan, Richard G.( 1996). Keeping score: The economics of Big-Time sports. South Bend, IN: Diamond Communication. Staudohar, Paul D. and James A. Mangan (Eds. ) (1991). The business of professional sports. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Walsh, Adrian (2006). Ethics, money & sport: This sporting mammon. New York: Routledge. Weiss, Ann E. (1993). Money games: The business of sports. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Bibliography on Law/Legal Issues Berry, Robert C. and Glenn M. Wong (1993). Law and business of the sports industries: Common issues in amateur and professional sports. Westport, CT: Praeger. Champion, Walter T. , Jr.(1993). Sports law in a nutshell. St. Paul, MN: West Pub. Cotton, Doyice J. and T. Jesse Wilde (1997). Sport law for sport managers. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt. Cozzillio, Michael J. and Mark S. Levinstein (1997). Sports law: Cases and materials. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. Dougherty, Neil J. (1994). Sport, physical activity, and the law. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Fotiades, John M. (1989). You’re the judge: How to understand sports, torts & courts. Worcester, MA: Edgeworth and North Books. 22 EXERCISES IN SPORTSCASTING Greenberg, Martin J. (1993). Sports law practice. Charlottesville, VA: Michie Co. Greenfield, Steve and Guy Osborn (Eds. ) (2000). Law and sport in Contemporary society. London: Frank Cass. Hladczuk, John (Comp. ) (1991). Sports law and legislation: An annotated bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press. Jarvis, Robert M. and Phyllis Coleman (1999). Sports law: Cases and materials. St. Paul, MN: West Group. Jones, Michael E. (1999). Sports law. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Lowe, Stephen R. (1995). The kid on the sandlot: Congress and professional sports, 1910-1922. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press. O’Leary, John (Ed. ) (2001). Drugs and doping in sport: Socio-legal perspectives. London: Cavendish. Quirk, Charles (Ed. ) (1996). Sports and the law: Major legal cases. New York: Garland. Shropshire, Kenneth L. (1990). Agents of opportunity: Sports agents and corruption in collegiate sports. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. Tokarz, Karen (1986). Women, sports, and the law: A comprehensive research guide to sex discrimination in sports. Buffalo, NY: W. S. Hein. Weiler, Paul C. (2000). Leveling the playing field: How the law can makes Sports better for the fans. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP. Weiler, Paul C. and Gary R. Roberts (1993). Cases, materials and problems on sports and the law. St. Paul, MN: West Pub. Wong, Glenn M. (1994). Essentials of amateur sports law. Westport, CT: Praeger. Wong, Glenn M. and T. Jesse Wilde (1994). The sport lawyer’s guide to legal periodicals: An annotated bibliography. Buffalo, NY: W. S. Hein. Yasser, Raymond L. (1985) Torts and sports: Legal liability in professional and amateur athletics. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. Yasser, Ray, James R. McCurdy, and C. Peter Goplerud (1990). Sports law: Cases and materials. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson. Bibliography on Sports Marketing/Management Brooks, Christine M. (1994). Sports marketing: Competitive business strategies for sports. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Cuneen, Jacquelyn and M. Joy Sidwell (1994). Sport management Field experiences. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. DeSensi, Joy T. and Danny Rosenberg (1996). Ethics in sports management. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Graham, Stedman, Joe Jeff Goldblatt, and Lisa Delphy Neirotti (2001). The ultimate guide to sports marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill. Howard, Dennis R. and John L. Crampton (1995). Financing sport. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Jones, Ian (2003). Research methods for sports studies. New York: Routledge. Instructor’s Manual 23 Masteralexis, Lida Pike, Carol A. Barr, and Mary A. Hums (Eds. ) (2004). Principles and practices of sports management. 2nd ed. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen. McDonald, Mark A. and George R. Milne (1999). Cases in sports marketing. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Miller, Lorik (1997). Sport business management. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen. Milne, George R. and Mark A. McDonald (1999). Sports management: Managing the exchange process. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Mullin, Bernard J. , Stephen Hardy, and William A. Sutton (1993). Sport marketing. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Mexican Cultural Identity Essay - 1471 Words

The Department of the Army (2014) defines culture as a â€Å"Web of meaning shared by members of a particular society or group within a society† (p. 3-1). In a previous version of Field Manual (FM) 3-24 the Department of the Army (2006) defines culture as â€Å"A system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another† (p. 3-6). Culture can mean many different things to many different people and societies. To put one definition on it will not work. Over the next couple of pages an attempt will be made to explain culture further as well as consider the culture of Mexico by looking at the Mexican physical geography, military conflict history and their impact on the†¦show more content†¦The values that one holds to be true can vary significantly from person to person in any given society or culture. While one individual may value his religion above all else, another may value t ime with family or something such as monetary wealth to be the most important thing to him. One’s values will significantly impact how he reacts or perceives another’s actions or response. In Mexico, families are typically large and family is the most important value along with religion (Zimmermann, 2017). Attitudes and perceptions work together in one’s culture. A society’s or group’s attitude toward outside groups, United States military, the United States, host nation government, and many more will affect how those mentioned groups will perceive that culture and in turn how those groups respond and act when dealing with the individuals in that culture. The following paragraphs portray historical and significant events in Mexico. It would be easy to see how attitudes and perceptions toward the United States could be negative. The Mexican War, 1846-1848 and the ensuing Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo were very significant events in the Mexican History. Along with this was the Mexican victory over the French invasion in 1867 which is still celebrated to this day on every 5th day of May. Lastly, the seemingly never-ending war against the drug cartels has been very important consideringShow MoreRelatedTaming Anzalduas Contact Zone Analysis984 Words   |  4 Pagestwo different cultures meet and inform each other, often in highly asymmetrical ways.† Pratt describes what she calls ‘contact zones’ and elaborates on the pros and cons of these cultural interactions. She sees the contact zone as a place that allows people to exchange cultural ideas and break down the dividing cultural borders. When a contact zone is started, people are able to interact on new levels gaining a new perspective because they are able to collaborate with people from foreign culturesRead MoreBecoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender (Devor1029 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica An argument essay by Melvin Richardson) â€Å"Resistance is futile† is a resounding statement first exclaimed by the alien race called the Borg in the Gene Roddenberry long running television series Star Trek. â€Å"Why do you resist? Asked the Borg commander, Ryker replies â€Å"I like my species the way it is†! Borg commander counters with, â€Å"We only wish to raise quality of life for all species†. This is the last thing you heard before your kind was assimilated and your unique cultural and biological essencesRead MoreMexican American Culture1658 Words   |  7 Pagesunique and distinguishing characteristics. One’s cultural identity defines who they are as an individual, group, and community. Their cultural identity may be reflected in numerous ways such as: language, communication styles, religion, beliefs, values, clothing, or other types of aesthetic markers. Cultural identity is formed by many of these traits but is not limited to these specifically. This essay will provide deta iled information on Mexican Americans, and their ancestry and heritage. I willRead MoreIts Hard Enough Being Me By Anna Lisa Raya886 Words   |  4 PagesIn the student essay â€Å"It’s Hard Enough Being Me† written by Anna Lisa Raya, the author portrays herself as a credible source for understanding the role of identity in an educational setting. Raya then appeals to an audience of Latinos and other minorities through her emotions such as stating, â€Å"I had never questioned who I was or where I was from† (Raya 121). In the end, she resolves the life-longing issues of identity crisis and cultural shock by staying true to herself and â€Å"Soy yo and no one else†¦Punto†Read MoreStatus Of The Historiography Of Chicano Education899 Words   |  4 PagesGuadalupe San Miguel Jr mentions Several factors that have altered and molded Chicanos throughout time. The cultural imbalance, geographical and society changes caused Chicanos to feel unfit for the Anglo-Society. This prevented Chicanos students from attending school and developing English literacy. For instance, the article mentions how schools located in California and Texas excluded Mexicans from attending primary and secondary school because Chicanos lacked an understanding of the language EnglishRead MoreLa Soledad, By Octavio Paz900 Words   |  4 Pageshistoria de Mà ©xico, desde la Conquista hasta la Revolucià ³n, puede verse como una bà ºsqueda de nosotros mismos† (Paz, 2008:175) The Mexican preoccupation is not just a search for an origin, but also a search for one’s self. It is the combination of the self and in some cases the origin, which defines the nation, because a nation must of course be defined by people. In this essay I intend to explore the concept of nationhood in Mexico and the way in which the process of capturing and defining it manifestsRead MoreThe Spanish Chicano Culture1386 Words   |  6 PagesAnzaldua in her essay, How to Tame a Wild Tongue† provides an insight of how she experienced the concept being brought up in dual culture society. On one hand, one of the cultures involved the American culture that she experienced on her academic journey. This culture expected her to adhere and speak clearly to the American English language. For instance, the culture required that â€Å"if Anzaldua what to be American, Speak ‘American.’ If you don’t like it, go back to Mexico where you belong† (2). OnRead MoreThe Chicano Spanish And Chicano1284 Words   |  6 Pagesgroup of people in a society where they felt rather ashamed of their language. In the essay of what Anzaldua wrote about the Chicano Spanish were discriminating themselves of being a marginalized group that their language was socially inferior to the dominant discourse, the English language in America. The Chicano, or the Spanish people, in American society’s goal was that they wanted to get rid of their cultural language in order for the Chicanos to become â€Å" Americanized† by speaking the dominantRead MoreThe Negative Impact of Bilangual Education1216 Words   |  5 Pagesfitting in and adapting to two different linguistic and cultural world can have lasting impacts on individuals, hence, Richard Rodriguez, in his book â€Å"Achievement of Desire†, addresses his struggles as a young boy, trying to adapt to a bilingual education and how that education alienated him from his uneducated Me xican parents. Additionally in the excerpts â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,† Gloria Anzaldua, while she mainly focuses on the language of â€Å"Mexican† people in different aspects, also mentions her strifeRead MoreCultural Tradition And Cultural Traditions1708 Words   |  7 PagesIt is clear that cultural tradition delivers set foundations into a person’s lifetime, giving identity and sense of belonging to a person and their social group. It allows individuals to feel part of something and understand their ancestral values and customs. Several people believe that it is very important to preserve cultural traditions because they feel as if tradition is the main enabler to a shared identity and to a construction of social consistency and unity. People also believe that conservancy